CVE-2026-25547 is a low severity vulnerability with a CVSS score of 0.0. No known exploits currently, and patches are available.
Very low probability of exploitation
EPSS predicts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days based on real-world threat data, complementing CVSS severity scores with actual risk assessment.
@isaacs/brace-expansion is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) issue caused by unbounded brace range expansion. When an attacker provides a pattern containing repeated numeric brace ranges, the library attempts to eagerly generate every possible combination synchronously. Because the expansion grows exponentially, even a small input can consume excessive CPU and memory and may crash the Node.js process.
The vulnerability occurs because @isaacs/brace-expansion expands brace expressions without any upper bound or complexity limit. Expansion is performed eagerly and synchronously, meaning the full result set is generated before returning control to the caller.
For example, the following input:
{0..99}{0..99}{0..99}{0..99}{0..99}
produces:
100^5 = 10,000,000,000 combinations
This exponential growth can quickly overwhelm the event loop and heap memory, resulting in process termination.
The following script reliably triggers the issue.
Create poc.js:
const { expand } = require('@isaacs/brace-expansion');
const pattern = '{0..99}{0..99}{0..99}{0..99}{0..99}';
console.log('Starting expansion...');
expand(pattern);
Run it:
node poc.js
The process will freeze and typically crash with an error such as:
FATAL ERROR: JavaScript heap out of memory
This is a denial of service vulnerability. Any application or downstream dependency that uses @isaacs/brace-expansion on untrusted input may be vulnerable to a single-request crash.
An attacker does not require authentication and can use a very small payload to:
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